Eye condition

Pterygium

A benign wedge-shaped growth from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, linked to UV, wind and dust exposure — when it needs monitoring versus surgery.

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What is a pterygium?

A pterygium is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends from the white part of the eye onto the cornea. It is benign (non-cancerous) and usually grows slowly. Pterygia are more common in people who spend significant time outdoors, particularly in environments with strong ultraviolet (UV) light, wind and dust.

What does a pterygium look and feel like?

A pterygium often appears as a fleshy, triangular growth, commonly on the side of the eye closest to the nose. Some people notice only the appearance, while others develop irritation or visual changes.

Redness
Dryness or grittiness
Intermittent irritation
A visible fleshy growth on the eye
Blurred vision if the growth changes the shape of the cornea
Astigmatism
Reduced vision if a large pterygium grows towards the centre of the cornea

What causes pterygium?

Long-term exposure to UV radiation is an important risk factor. Dry, dusty and windy conditions can also contribute to chronic surface irritation. This is why pterygium is sometimes called “surfer’s eye”, although it can affect anyone with significant outdoor exposure.

How is pterygium treated?

Monitoring and eye drops

A small pterygium that is not growing and does not affect vision may only need observation. Lubricating drops can reduce dryness and irritation. If the eye becomes inflamed, your clinician may prescribe short-term medication where appropriate.

Pterygium surgery

Surgery may be considered if the pterygium is growing, causes persistent irritation, changes the shape of the cornea, reduces vision or is a significant cosmetic concern. During surgery, the pterygium is removed and the area is commonly covered with a small graft of the patient’s own conjunctival tissue to support healing and reduce recurrence risk.

Can a pterygium grow back after surgery?

Recurrence is possible. Modern surgical techniques, including conjunctival autografting, are used to reduce the risk. Protecting the eyes from UV exposure after surgery and over the long term is also important.

Can pterygium be prevented?

Wear wrap-around sunglasses that provide good UV protection
Wear a broad-brimmed hat outdoors
Use protective eyewear in dusty or windy environments
Manage dry eye and surface irritation when present

FAQ

Common questions.

A typical pterygium is benign. However, any new or unusual growth on the eye should be examined so the diagnosis can be confirmed.

No. Many can be monitored. Surgery is generally considered when the pterygium is growing, irritating the eye, affecting corneal shape or vision, or causing significant concern about appearance.

Yes. A pterygium can change the curvature of the cornea and induce astigmatism, which may alter your glasses prescription or reduce visual quality.

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