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Browse our specialists, clinics, articles, eye conditions and treatments.

Cataract & Lens Conditions

Cataracts

Clouding of the lens

A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens that blurs vision, dulls colours and causes glare. Learn about cataract symptoms, causes, types and how cataracts are diagnosed.

Cloudy or dim visionGlare sensitivityFaded colours
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Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO)

Clouding after cataract surgery

A common, easily treated after-effect of cataract surgery: the thin membrane behind your lens implant turns cloudy, blurring vision again. A quick, painless laser procedure (YAG capsulotomy) clears it in minutes, with no incision or recovery time.

Blurred or hazy visionGlare or halosCloudiness returning after cataract surgery

Dysfunctional Lens Syndrome (DLS)

How the lens ages

DLS describes how your eye’s natural lens changes with age — progressing through three stages, from early focusing difficulty to cataract. Learn the stages, symptoms and your options.

Blurry visionGlare when driving at nightTrouble with fine print
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Retina & Macula

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Central vision loss

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects central vision and can make reading, driving and recognising faces difficult. Learn about AMD symptoms, dry and wet AMD, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment options.

Distorted straight linesDark central spot
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Wet Macular Degeneration

Neovascular AMD

The less common but more aggressive form of AMD, where abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood — causing rapid loss of central vision. Prompt treatment can preserve sight.

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Dry Macular Degeneration

Non-neovascular AMD

The most common form of AMD, where the macula slowly thins and small deposits (drusen) build up, gradually blurring or distorting central vision over years.

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Geographic Atrophy

Advanced dry AMD

An advanced stage of dry AMD where patches of retinal cells waste away, creating blind spots in central vision that slowly enlarge over time.

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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes-related retinal damage

Learn more about the complications of diabetes and how diabetic retinopathy may lead to vision loss if untreated. Find out how it starts, what symptoms to watch for, and treatment options.

FloatersBlurred patchesFluctuating vision
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Diabetic Macular Oedema

Retinal swelling in diabetes

A complication of diabetic retinopathy where fluid leaks into the macula, causing swelling and blurred or distorted central vision. Manageable with injections or laser.

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Retinal Vein Occlusion

Blocked retinal vein

A blockage in one of the retina's drainage veins, causing sudden, painless blurring or vision loss as blood and fluid back up in the retina.

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Retinal Artery Occlusion

Blocked retinal artery

A blockage in an artery supplying the retina — effectively an 'eye stroke' that causes sudden, painless vision loss. A medical emergency needing urgent care.

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Retinal diseases

Tears, detachments and more

Retinal diseases can affect central vision, side vision or overall visual clarity. Learn about retinal disease symptoms, common conditions, diagnosis and treatments, and when sudden vision changes need urgent assessment.

Retinal DetachmentMacular Hole
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Retinal Tears

A break in the retina

A small break in the retina, often as the vitreous gel pulls away with age. Can lead to detachment if untreated, but is usually sealed quickly with laser.

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Epiretinal Membrane

Macular pucker

A thin sheet of scar tissue forms over the macula and contracts, wrinkling the retina and causing blurred or distorted central vision.

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Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Fluid under the retina

Fluid builds up beneath the retina, blistering the macula and causing blurred or dimmed central vision. Often settles on its own but can recur.

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Vitreous Haemorrhage

Bleeding into the eye's gel

Bleeding into the vitreous gel that fills the eye, causing sudden floaters, haze or loss of vision. Often a sign of another underlying retinal problem.

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Posterior Vitreous Detachment

The vitreous gel separates

A common, usually harmless age-related change where the vitreous gel separates from the retina, causing new floaters and flashes. Warrants a check to rule out a tear.

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Eye Floaters and Flashes

Specks and flashes in vision

Specks, cobwebs or flashes of light in your vision, usually from harmless age-related changes in the vitreous — but a sudden increase can signal a retinal tear and needs prompt review.

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Retinal Dystrophies

Inherited retinal disease

A group of inherited conditions (such as retinitis pigmentosa) where retinal cells gradually break down, causing progressive vision loss — often starting with night or peripheral vision.

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